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Kevin C. Hartzog
SAS Physiology
Respiration
Circulation & Breathing Unit
Objectives:
- To identify the structures of the Respiratory Organs and Circulatory System.
- To describe the function of the Respiratory Organs and Circulatory System.
- To describe how both affect your metabolic rate.
- To describe how both systems affect muscle use in aerobic and anaerobic work.
Respiratory Organs (Subunit)
Objectives:
- To identify the structures of the nose, nasal cavities, pharynx, and lungs.
- To describe the function of the larynx.
- To show the relationship of the structure of the respiratory organs to the function of the air-conducting passages.
- To locate the pleural membrane and define its function.
Instruction:
Upper Respiratory Tract Pg 273, Fig 16-1.
Nasal Cavity
Where air enters out
respiratory system. High surface area The Conchae
Fold in the cavity.
Cause turbulence, whirls and swirls in the air flow. Dust particles
bounced into mucus, cleaning the air. A filter. Warms the
air before it moves on.
Think of a cold
day, when air rasped your nose and lungs.
Saturates the air with
water.
The Septum
2 wedge shaped cavities
(holes) separtated by the septum (a partition).
Cavites called
external nares or nostrils.
Cartilege
On end of the nose,
attached to the nasal bones.
Superior Concha Pg 278, Fig 16-3 (a) drawing, (b) electronmicrograph
Covering of the uppermost (turbinate) bones in the nose. Holds nerve endings, sense of smell here.
Fine, hair-like
cell extensions that air flows over.
Paranasal Sinuses
(near the sinuses)
In the Frontal,
Maxillary, Ethmoid, and Sphenoid bones. Resonance chambers.
Makes sounds
louder, like speaking through a tube.
Pharynx
In the back of the
mouth. Connects there to the nasal passages. In Embryo, lungs
develop from. Lymphatic tissue develop here also (i.e. tonsils)
Glottis
Lower portion
of the pharynx ends here. Opening into the larynx. Vocal
cords surround the rim of the glottis.
Eppiglottis
Flap of cartilage
fits over the glottis when you swallow. When it does not completely
close, you get food or fluids down your larynx.
Larynx
The Voice Box. Triangular
chamber. In men, the Adam’s Apple. Plates of cartilage.
Thyroid
2 plates Form
the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s Apple proper).
Cricoid
Shaped like
a signet ring (High School Ring), with thickened area directed
back to the trachea. Lies below the thyroid cartilage. Membranes
connect it to upper trachea.
Arytenoid Cartilages
Vocal Cords
Attached to Arytenoid
cartilages and membranes. Space between the vocal
cords = opening of the glottis.
Lower Repiratory Tract Pg 276, Fig 16-2(a).
Trachea
Tube about 109 mm
long and 18-25 mm wide. Looks like a tree trunk. Alternate bands
of membrane and cartilage.
Flexible.
Attached together by
bands of smooth muscles. Lined with ciliated mucosa
Pushes air down
the tube.
Esophagus (Not respiration)
Lies behind the trachea.
Aligned with openings in cartilage bands. Possible to swell when
swallowing.
Like a snake that
has swallowed a mouse. (Anaconda)
Bronchi
At lower end, trachea
divides into two branches. Right slightly larger and more verticle.
Left accomodating the heart. Lined with ciliated mucosa
Pushes air down
the tube.
Further divided into
secondary bronchi. Secondary Bronchi divided into
bronchioles. Division continues down to alveolar ducts.
Alveolar ducts terminate in aveolar sacs.
Looks like a bunch of grapes.
Sacs lined with alveoli. Pg 281, Fig 16-4, (a) drawing. (b) cross-section of alveolus.