Animal Kingdom Essays

Similarities and Differences of The Animal Kingdom

November 11, 2001

There are different kinds of organism each has their own kingdom. One of which I know of is the animal kingdom. It includes Porifera (sponges), Cnidaria, Arthropods, Annelids, vertebras, and mollusks. All the Phylum have differences and similarities between them. Many living creature have a unique way of surviving which include food and how they get it what to use for protection and etc. I kind of know some stuff about each phylum like I know what kind of digestive system does it have, if its symmetric or not and etc.

Sponge are symmetrical within its shape it has a dead-end digestive system also indicates that its a choanocytes which means to capture or uses and it anchored in one spot. Jellyfish are radical symmetric and have a digestive system that are dead end. Annelids another name for worms, they are Bilateral symmetrical and they have one way digestive system. Also mollusks stands for a phylum is the arthropods they are Bilateral symmetry and have shells like the clams. Another phylum is the Arthropods they are Bilateral symmetry and have jointed appendages. Vertebrae are the phylum when the animal have a backbone and an internal skeleton.

Looking between the phylum their a lot which have in common like the jellyfishes and sponges. Some of things that are different was about them are that the sponges are shaped as a symmetrical and jellyfishes are radical symmetrical. One of the main thing that I realize was it is totally different how they get their food and Jellyfishes are neumatocytes so they sting their prey with neurotoxins. One of the similarities between both of them are that they have a dead - end digestive system. And the difference between Arthropods and vertebrae is that the arthropods have exoskeletons and vertebrae has a backbone and an internal skeleton also have jointed appendages . And the similarities are that both are bilateral and are coelom.. The different things between Arthropods and Vertebrae are that Arthropods are segmented, has a head, jointed appendages, and it is a exoskeleton also Vertebrae has a backbone, internal skeleton, and has a body cavity. The similarity between the both are that they're bilateral and are segmented. The next comparison is going to be between Annelids and Mollusks differences are that Annelids has a body cavity and the similarity are that both is bilateral, and has one-way digestive system. So those are some of the differences between the phylum.

David Bituin

During the past weeks we have been studying different phylum. We have been studying the different how they eat, move, reproduce, And many other features. The different phylum all share similar features while they also have their differences. There are 6 different phylum that make up the animal kingdom. They range in shapes and sizes and whether or not they are stationary.

The Sponge could possibly be the simplest of the entire phylum. It is anchored in one spot and it is asymmetrical. No other phylum is asymmetrical making the sponge also unique. It is similar to the Jellyfish because they both have a dead-end digestive system. It is also different from all the other phylum because it doesn't have any classes. It eats by filtering the water and taking in the food and digests the food later after it has filtered it.

The Cnidaria or the Jellyfish is the only phylum with radial symmetry because of its round shape. Like the sponge the jellyfish has a dead-end digestive system. It has pneumatocytes, which are used to sting the prey, so it is able to digest its prey. The pneumatocytes is like a neuro-toxin. The jellyfish is a free roaming phylum so it is able to move around. The jellyfish has class hydrozoa and sea anemones.

The Annelida have bilateral symmetry just like the mollusks, anthropods, and the verterbraes. The annelids also have a one-way digestive system like other phylum. It has a segmented anterior with 8 hearts in each. It also has a body cavity. The different classes of annelids are the earthworm, which has a anterior that is fatter than the posterior. It lives on land and is a detritivore, The other class is the Polychaetes, which lives in the ocean and has segments and is a carnivore.

The Mollusks are also bilateral like the annelids. They have a good nervous system. They also have a one-way digestive system. They have a coelom like the anthropods and the vertebrates. The classes of mollusks are the bivalves, which have two valves, which the name suggests. It has 2 shells and 3 layers also. It has a mantle and it lives in the water. It has gills and abductor muscles. It has an excurrent and incurrent siphon, which no other phylum has. There are the gastropods, which live in land and ocean. It has one shell and one foot. There are also the cephalopods, which has tentacles a foot that can either be a sucker or hook.

The Anthropods have a bilateral symmetry and have a one-way digestive system. It also has a coelom. It is segmented and has a head. It has jointed appendages and an exoskeleton. The anthropods are known to have the most legs unlike any other phylum. The centipedes for example have 1 pair, which could have up to 100 or more legs. The anthropods are the only phylum to have 3 body parts, which are the head, abdomen, and the thorax.

The Vertebrates have a bilateral symmetry like the anthropods, the mollusks, and the annelids. It has a one-way digestive system like the three phylum as well. It also has a coelom. Unlike any of the other phylum the verterbraes have a backbone and an internal skeleton. The classes of the vertebrates are the amphibians, which breathe through skin and dry out easily and have simple lungs. The reptiles have thick skin or scales and have a stronger skeleton. Their lungs are also very developed. Mammals have fur or hair and are warm-blooded and have very developed lungs. They are the only class out of the phylum, which produce milk and have internal fertilization. Birds have feathers and have very developed lungs. Fish have scales and gills and are cold blooded with no limbs.

This shows that all the phylum have differences and similarities. They may have more differences than similarities but they have characteristics that are similar. This shows that all the phylum are not all different and shows that they have advanced while still keeping some of the same traits.

Jing Chen

In this unit called Animal Kingdom, we discovered that there are many phylum and classes of the animals. We did some experiments in class and took the notes. We dissected the animal to find out more characteristics about the animals and to understand more about different animals. The external structures of animals form by different shapes. We dissected the animals to see their internal structure, there are some similar and differences between different animals. After each dissection, I learned many things that I never know before about the animals. The Animal Kingdom is one of the main courses to study. In addition, it is complicated, because some animals have the nervous system, it is complex. The lowest level called sponges. It is the easiest phylum to recognize. The sponges live in the sea mostly. They anchored in one spot like the plants, but the animals do not do that, that is why most people misunderstand that sponges are plant instead of animal. They get the dead-end digestive, which means they eat the food and excreted from the same place. They capture food with the choanocyte cilia. There is
no class with sponges.

Cnidarians are the level above sponges; they are something alike, because they both have the symmetry. However, the symmetries are different, cnidarians got the radial symmetry, and they got the tissues. They capture food with their pheumatocyte. They have two classes; jellyfish and sea anemones. The shape of jellyfish is like an umbrella and they are free floating. The other class usual stuck up side down on the rocks, little bit as the sponges stuck in one spot.

The next phylum called annelids. They got the bilateral symmetry and segmented. The annelids got the different digestive than the other two phyla above, which is one way digestive. That means that all the food goes to different place than the waste product. They have the body cavity. Annelids categorized into three classes, the earthworm, polychaetes, and clamworms. Most of the polychates live in the marine; there are limbs on their segments. The earthworms live in the land, and they got the fatter anterior. The segments of the clam worms are arrange. They are longer than other two classes.

The mollusks are the only phylum of coelomade without segment bodies; they got the symmetry as the annelids do. In addition, they got the one-way digestive system. The mollusks have good nervous system and cell. They also got the visceral mass, foot and head for the distinct systems. That is one of the differences from the annelids obviously. The mollusks categorized into three classes, bivalves, gastropods and cephalopods. The bivalves (clam) have two valves and three layers. The gastropods (stomach foot) mostly like snails. They live on land. The last class got tentacle and arms or foot. They live in marine.

Arthropods got the bilateral symmetry, too, and one-way digestive system. Their bodies are segment, head and two more thing that haven¡¦t appear from the phyla above, they are jointed appendages, and exoskeletons. The arthropods have more classes than other phyla. They got seven classes- millipedes, have two pairs of legs for each segment; sea spider; centipedes, one pair of legs for each segment (about 100 legs); insects, have the complex, and most diverse, and three body parts; arachnids, are carnivores, and have three body parts and eight legs; crustaceans, have the thick exoskeleton; and horseshoe crabs. All of them can walk.

Last but no lease, we have vertebrates. This phylum got the bilateral symmetry, and one-way digestive system, but there is something that is not from above, they got backbones and internal skeleton. There are five classes in vertebrates; amphibians, reptiles, avian (bird), mammal, and fish. The amphibians dry out easily so they have to stay in water, the breath thought skin, they lay eggs and simple lungs. The reptiles have the thick skin, and stronger skeleton. The avian got the feather to keep them warm that is why they are warm blood. The mammal got the hair instead of feather, they also warm blood, and they are the only class, which produce milk. The last class, fish, has scale and gills. They are cold blood, and lay eggs.

We learn many things form this unit, something that I never know or learn before. It is somewhat hard for me to understand all of them, but I learned some now. There are some things that they have in common, but lots differences. It was somewhat nauseated to dissect the animals such as frogs and the earthworms. However, we did learn lot from the dissections. We know that there are not only lungs inside of them, also the nervous systems and the earthworms have eight hearts. Different phyla have different characteristics and classes. This is the most complex group and it is difficult, too.

Johnson Chen

In the last until, we learn about the animal Kingdom. In the class I learn a lot new knowledge about the animal kingdom. And I feel the animal's body is kind of apprehend, because their body is ugly, it makes you utter. And also we had finish some lad during the until, like Sponges, Cnidarians, Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods, Vertebras.

In the Annelids, there is a class call earthworm. Also we did a lab on The worm too, the main characteristic of the segmented worm is the external and the internal division of the body into segments. The worm has a body of about 150 segment and it also has a sharply reduced head. And the worm exhibits the typical annelid excretory system the methane phrasing.

The Cnidarians (jellyfish), the jellyfish are the dead end system. When The jellyfish try to catch the food, and it will using their "leg" to faint The food and move the food to the top of the body, because their mouth are In the above their head. When the jellyfish turn the body the upside down It call the sea anemones, because it looks like a anemones.

The mollusks, all the mollusks are one-way digestive system and there had a good Nervous The there is some classes, like snails, gastropods, cephalopods. And all Are living in the land, ocean, fresh water, and most of them had shell.

The vertebras, are the one-way digestive system, they had the internal skeleton, And it there is some class in it, like amphibians, reptiles, Aries(bird) Mammals and fish. The amphibians are dry out easily layers. And most fish Kind of scales, gill, and they blood is cold. The they eggs are lay eggs.

In the until I had learn a lot about the animal kingdom. And It is fun And I can see a lot new stuff are going on.

Johnson Chen Rewrite

In the last until, we learn about the animal Kingdom. In the class I learn a lot about the animal kingdom. And I feel the animals body is kind of apprehend, because their body is ugly, it makes you utter. And also we had finish some lad during the until, like Sponges, Cnidarians,Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods, Vertebras.

The Annelids,they move by detecting its light source.They have bilateral symmetry, because you could see the anterior and posterior very clearly shown on its body structure. And they have a shaped body, they are the one-way digestive system. there is a heart in which of the segments expect for the anterior and digestive parts, because they need room for it. The cnidarians (jellyfish), the jellyfish are the dead end system. they live under water. And they float around in the water. They have a radial symmetry system. and it just like the sponges, everything comes the same way as the out way. when the jellyfish turn their body up side down it calls sea annemies. The mollusks, all the mollusks are one-way D.S and they live under the ocean and lands. and they had a bilateralo symmetry shaped body. mollusks have body cavity and have a ture coemlom. They also have a more advance nervous on it's sied. In the shells, there are three body parts: foot head and visceral mass. In the mollusk there is a class name"clams" they have three layer called the organic layer, middle layer and the mother layer. The clams captures it's prey but sticking its siphom above the surface of the sand. As the water comes, it uses its siphom to suck in the water. When the water is suck in, it separates the food from the water.

The vertebras, are the one-way D.S, they had the internal skeleton,And it there is some class in it, like amphibians, reptiles, Aries(bird)Mammals and fish. The amphibians are dry out easily layers. And most fish Kind of scales, gill, and they blood is cold. The they eggs are lay eggs.

The anthropods, it have most claases. It found in any where of your life. It had a one-way system and it had a bilateral symmetry. IT also had segmented body. Anthropods have jouned appendages . Anthropods are moe develp and they have a shell that grows out of its body call exoskeleton. and it have a total of seven different classes. Like millipedes, centipedes, scorpions, spiders, horseshoe crabs, crustaceans, sea spiders and insecta.

In the until I had learn a lot about the animal kingdom. The most intersesting thing about this unial are the calls and the different group.And It is fun. And I can see a lot new stuff are going on.

Jeffrey Cheng

Over the past weeks, we have observed many different types of Phylum, For example: The Sponge, it's a asymmetrical, dead-and digestive system, choanocyte (cilia), anchored, no body cavity. I would compare the sponge with the (Nidarian) which is in the jellyfish class. The first similarity between the sponge, Jellyfish (Nidarian) is the both the sponge and the Jellyfish (Nidarian) has dead end digestive system, and difference between them is that the Jellyfish (Nidarian) and the Sponge is that it has a (asymmetrical) and the Jellyfish (Nidarian) has a radial symmetrical. A Nidarian has a couple of description that would easily describe the Nidarian and they are: Float, bellshape, translocent (Upsidedown Jellyfish) not clear, attached to rocks.

Another Class I would Compare and contrast is the Annelids (worms) the Annelids have a bilateral symmetry one-way digestive system, distinctive head and posterior, body cavity, which is in the Earthworm class. I would compare this with the Mollusk, which is in the Bivalves class. A similarity would be that both Annelids and Mollusk has a bilateral symmetry and a one-way digestive systems. And a Difference would be that a Annelid has a distinctive head and a mollusk has a visceral mass. Some description for the mollusk is that it has 2 shells (values)-3 layers, siphone gills mantle, abductive muscles planktawors (omnivores) hinge ligament, that was the description for the mollusk, and here is the description for the Annelids, it has Detritarvores, no limbs, land marine, limbs on ligament, carnivores.

So in conclusion the animal kingdom may have many classes but it also has many differences and of course similarities because it did come from the same root. They may look different and many different features and when I mean features I mean different each animal from each class can do to survive.

Lori Cheng

When you think of the word "animal", the first thing that pops into your head are warm blooded animals. Most people do think that. Actually, the animal kingdom is divided into six phylums: sponges, cnidarians (jelly fish), annelids (worms), mollusks, arthropods, and vertebrates. Within these phylums, are the different classes of each group. Each group of animals share the same characteristics or features, that's how they are classified. Even though they are all different, some do share the same characteristics. In the following paragraphs, you will learn more about each phylum and their characteristics. Also, you will see the similarities between each group.

The first phylum is the sponges. They have an asymmetrical body, which means they are not symmetrical. Sponges have a dead-end digestive system, which means they take in their food and dispose their waste from the same hole or body part. One thing that makes sponges stand out from other animals is that they do not contain body organs. Another thing is that they are anchored to the ground. So basically, they have to wait until food comes to them. Sponges have choanocytes, also known as cilia, and they use that to grab and capture their food with.

The second phylum is the cnidarians (jelly fish). They have a radical symmetry, which is circular. That is how their body is shaped. They, like the sponges have a dead-end digestive system. These animals have tentacles, which they use to capture food with. That is another thing they have in common with the sponges, they both have something to capture food with Within those tentacles are pheumatocytes or stingers and they contain neurotoxin. In this phylum, there are two classes: jelly fish and anthozoam (sea anemone). Jellyfishes have a clear, bell shaped body and they float. On the other hand, sea anemones are an upside down jellyfish. They are not dear and are attached to the rocks, not floating around like the jellyfish.

The third phylum is the annelids (worms). They have a bilateral symmetry, and a one-way digestive system, which means they eat through their mouth and waste comes out through their anus. The head region of annelids is called the anterior, and the end is called the posterior. Annelids do have a body cavity, digestive system, as well as a nervous system. There are two classes: earthworms and Polychaeta. The earthworms are detritivores; they eat decomposed things in the mud (they take it all in, including the mud). They are terrestrial and have no limbs, where the polychaets do. They have limbs on each of its segments. They're also marine animals and are carnivores.

The fourth phylum is the mollusks. They have a bilateral symmetry and a one-way digestive system, like the annelids. Mollusks have a three-part body plan: the foot, the visceral mass, and the head. They also are the first group of animals to have developed a coelom, which is a fluid and filled body cavity that is developed within the mesoderm. This group is separated into three classes: bivalves, gastropods, and cephalopods. Bivalves, like the clam have two shells or valves and three layers. These animals are omnivores (planktavores), and have a mantle, abductor muscles, siphons and gills. An example of a gastropod is snails and they live anywhere. Obviously, they have one shell and also include gills and lungs. The last class is cephalopod and an example of that are squids and octopuses. They have gills like the rest of them and a mantle like the clams. These animals are the only ones in this phylum that have arms, tentacles and suckers.

The fifth phylum is the arthropods. They, like the annelids and mollusks have both a bilateral symmetry and a one-way digestive system. Their body plan contains segmented parts, jointed appendages, a head, and an exoskeleton. This phylum has the largest number of classes out of the six phylums. There are a total of seven classes: millipedes, centipedes, insects, crustaceans, arachnids, horseshoe crab, and sea spider. The millipedes are similar to the centipedes except that millipedes have two pairs of legs on each segment instead of one, which the centipedes have. Also millipedes are herbivores and centipedes are carnivores. The next class is the insects and their body has three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen. They have six legs on the thorax. Crustaceans have legs on the thorax and abdomen. An example of an arachnid is a spider and they have eight legs and 2-part body: head and abdomen. Arachnids are carnivores, like the centipedes. The horseshoe crab gets its named from its horseshoe shaped head. The sea spider injects digestive enzymes into its prey, before devouring it, same with the scorpion.

The last phylum is the vertebrates. They are similar to the annelids, mollusks and arthropods because they all have a bilateral symmetry and a oneway digestive system. They also have a coelom like the mollusks. All vertebrates have a spinal cord. Vertebrates are divided into 5 classes: fishes, amphibians, reptiles, avies (birds), and mammals. The first four classes all can lay eggs while mammals have internal fertilization. Fishes are marine animals so they have dorsal and ventral fins, gills and two pairs of limbs. Amphibians and reptiles are both cold-blooded animals. Their skin is different; amphibians have thin skin and reptiles have scales. Avies and mammals are warm-blooded animals. Mammals have fur or hair and produce milk. Avies have feathers and two pairs of limbs.

As you can see, the animal kingdom is divided into many different classes and species. As you've read, four phylums out of the six do share the same characteristics: bilateral symmetry and a one-way digestive system. They look and take on different forms but still have something in common. Each group of animals has something that makes them an animal and not something else. So basically, the animal kingdom is made up of a diverse group of species.

Lori Cheng - Rewrite

The animal kingdom is divided into many different phyla, but we covered only six of them. They are the sponges, cnidarians (jelly fish), annelids (worms), mollusks, arthropods, and vertebrates. Within these phyla, the animals do share similar characteristics but they also have things that make them stand out from others. Like for instance, they may share the same body parts and/or structure, their digestive systems, how they get food, etc. What can make an animal stand out from others are their body shape or extra things they have in or attached to their bodies. Those aren't the only two things, there are many others as well. Further in, I will discuss some of these similarities and differences.

Sponges are the only animals within these six groups that have an asymmetrical body. Also, they are the only animals that don't have any organs. Even though cnidarians have a radical symmetry, they do have something in common with the sponges. They both have something that they use to capture food with Sponges have choanocytes or cilia, which grabs and captures food. Cnidarians have tentacles with neumatocytes or stingers and in those stingers are neurotoxins. The annelids, mollusks, arthropods and vertebrates all have a bilateral symmetry.

Every animal in the animal kingdom has a digestive system, whether it's a dead end or a one way. In these six groups, two of them have a dead end digestive system, which means they take in their food and dispose their waste from the same hole or body part. They are the sponges and the cnidarians The rest of them, the annelids, mollusks, arthropods, and the vertebrates have a one-way digestive system, which means they eat through their mouth and waste comes out through their anus.

Each animal's body plan is different from another, of course. Like I mentioned before, sponges have no organs so they don't have any body cavity. Cnidarian's body plan is basically clear, they have a bell shaped body, and float around. The annelids has two parts: the anterior which is the head and the posterior which is the back and they're also segmented. Mollusks consist of a apart body plan: the foot, the visceral mass, and the head. Arthropods are segmented, just like the annelids, they have jointed appendages, a head and a exoskeleton. All vertebrates have a spinal cord so they have a skeleton. You can see how no animal is the same as another.

Another thing sponges have in common with cnidarians are that they are anchored onto something. I did mention that jellyfishes do float but I'm talking about another species, which falls under cnidarians called sea anemones. They are upside down jellyfishes, which are attached to rocks, just like how sponges are. Also mollusks and vertebrates have a true coelom. One last thing that all of these animals within the groups have in common is that they are multicellular.

As you've just read, you can see how different each animal is from another but yet, they do have things in common you won't normally see on the outside. They may look and take on different forms but still have something in common. This whole unit was very interesting to me. We did many dissections of animals from a group in the animal kingdom so we could get a better sense of what their body is like. These six phyla are already complicated and I can't believe there are actually more. But I did learn a lot. So basically, the animal is made up of a diverse group of species.

Joseph Chiang

In the animal kingdom, all the creatures can be divided up by many different factors. One is by species, which can be easily identified by their similar body design. Another is by their position on the food chain. Creatures of the same species can also be on different positions on that chain. Finally, the members of each species can be separated by their phylum.

I only studied several different types of animals in the animal kingdom, so those are the only ones that I'm going to write about. One of the species is called sponges. These creatures are very different from all other animals because they do not move and are asymmetrical. The only similarity that allowed this creature to fit in the animal kingdom was the fact that could not produce its own energy. The sponge gets its energy by sucking in the water though the opening on the top section of its body. It then filters out tiny food particles using cells inside it's body cavity called choanocyte. The food particles are then absorbed directly into it's cells. After that, the waste particles leave through the same opening using the dead end digestive system. The sponge has no organs, teeth, and is asymmetrical.

The second species is called the cnidarians. These are split up into two main classes: jellyfish and sea anemone. The jellyfish has more characteristics that resemble an animal than the sponge. One major thing is that it can move, however slightly. Another is that the jellyfish would capture its prey, instead of filter it out of the water. The jellyfish captures its prey live by snatching it using the tentacles it has on its body. The tentacles are a form of limb, another improvement over the sponges. On each of the tentacles there are pneumatocytes, which are stingers that inject a neurotoxin into the victim. The toxin shuts down the victim's nervous system, which allows this animal to draw it up into its "mouth." After the jellyfish is done, the waste is tossed back out of the opening. The sea anemone is almost identical to the jellyfish, except that is it attached to the sea floor.

The next species is annelids. They are mostly detrivores, which are decomposers. Annelids have bilateral symmetry, demonstrating that they are one of the more advanced species in comparison to cnidarians and sponges. Because of their bilateral symmetry, they have a distinctive head and posterior, allowing them to have a one way digestive system. One member of the annelids is the polychaethes. Unlike the rest of the annelids, the polychaetes have limbs on each segment and are carnivores.

Mollusks are another species in the animal kingdom. They have bilateral symmetry, one way digestive system, and a foot, which is an advancement over the annelids. They have a head, a visceral mass, and a coelum. Mollusks are split into three main groups: bivalves, gastropods, and cephalopods. The characteristics of bivalves are that they have two shells (valves), three layers for each shell, and have muscles. Gastropods have one shell and can be identified as the normal garden snail. They live almost everywhere. Cephalopods look slightly different from the other two classes. They are identified as squids and octopuses.

Arthropods are another species. These have many variations and classes. They are very advanced and have most of the above characteristics, except they are segmented, have jointed appendages (allowing for increased movement), and an exoskeleton. Some examples of arthropods are millipedes, centipedes, insects, crustaceans, arachnids, sea spiders, and horseshoe crabs. Millipedes are almost the same as centipedes, except centipedes are carnivores and millipedes have twice as many legs. Insects have six legs, a head, thorax and an abdomen. Crustaceans have legs attached to their thorax and abdomen and also have a head. Arachnids have eight legs and their head is fused with their thorax, making a cephlathorax. These creatures are carnivores. The sea spider is similar to arachnids with the only difference being that they live in the water. Horseshoe crabs are identified by their horseshoe shaped head.

The last group is called the vertebrates. They are the most advanced of the animal kingdom. They have bilateral symmetry, a one way digestive system, a coelom and also have a backbone. They are identified as fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds. Fish, amphibians, and reptiles are cold-blooded and lay eggs. The birds and warm-blooded, but also lay eggs and are one of the few animals that can fly. The mammals have fur, are warm-blooded and birth live young.

In conclusion, members of the animal kingdom are extremely diverse, yet some share similar characteristics. These similarities between species allow them to be identified as animals rather than other life forms on this planet. Evolution has altered the lives on this planet, yielding an abundance of diversity among all of the Earth's inhabitants.

Kura Cohen

The Animal Kingdom is very diverse. There are various phyla with different animals and several species. All phyla have different characteristics about them. Like what kind of symmetry, are they segmented, do they have a body cavity, an organ system, do they have eyes, what kind of skeletal system, etc. In my essay, I will be talking about six different animal kingdom phyla. I will be talking about Sponges, Cnidarians, Annelids, Mollusk, Arthropods, and Chordates (Vertebrates).

The Sponges is the smallest and least complex. Sponges are found under water. Sponges are asymmetric because there are many shapes. Sponges are multicellularity because they have a lot of cells. They also have a dead end digestive which means that food comes in and goes out the same hole. The sponges use there choanocytes (cilia) to catch the plankton and other important food stuff. Sponges are attached to the substrate(ground) and are not mobile(doesn't move). All the other categories are mobile. One of the animals in the phyla sponges is the Choanocytes.

The Cnidarians are also least complex but more complex than Sponges. Cnidarians are also found under water also. Cnidarians are Radial Symmetric because they are round. Cnidarians are multicellularity because they have many cells. Cnidarians have a dead end digestive system. Cnidarians are mobile and can move around. They have tentacles(strings) that give out nematocysts (neurotoxins) that stings the prey so they can't move. That is how they eat. Some of the types animals in this phyla is Jelly Fish, Sea Anemones, Nematocyst, Anthozoans, Corals, and Scyphozoans.

The Annelids are pretty complex. Annelids are land dwellers and are terrestrial (crawls). Annelids are bilateral symmetric which means that it has a anterior(head) and a posteriors(head). Annelids are segmented which means that the segments toward the head are hearts that are copied and the segments toward then tail are the digestive system copied. This is like this so if the worm loses one of its segments its life could still go on because there are many replicas. Annelids have multi cells which make up there tissues. These tissues make up there body cavity. In the body cavity there is a circulatory(organs) system. Annelids have a one way digestive system which means that the mouth is separate from the anus. Annelids are mobile. Annelids have setae which is external bristles. Some of the types animals in this phyla is Earthworms and Polychaetes.

The Mollusks are also pretty complex. Mollusks live under water. Mollusks are bilateral symmetric. Mollusks have a three part body plan . The three parts are the visceral mass- foot- and head. The visceral mass is the section in the center that has the body's organs. The foot is used as an anchor for the mollusk to stay in one place. Mollusks have multi cells which make up there tissues. These tissues make up there body cavity. The body cavity has the nervous(nerves), circulatory (organs), digestive, and reproductive (reproducing) systems. Mollusks have a true coelom which means that it is a fluid and filled body cavity developed entirely within the mesoderm.. Mollusks have a one way digestive system. Mollusks have very simple eyes. They are the first group we looked at to have eyes. Mollusks are mobile. Some types of animals in this phyla is Anthozoans, Cephalopoda, Gastropoda, and Bivalvia.

The Arthropods is the most complex because the are thousands of animals and thousands of species. Arthropods are found all over the world. Arthropods are bilateral symmetric. Arthropods are segmented. Arthropods have multi cells which make up there tissues. These tissues make up there body cavity. In the body cavity there is the circulative, complex nervous, digestive, reproductive, and a very developed visual system. Arthropods have a true coelom. Arthropods have a one way digestive system. Arthropods have compound eyes. Compound eyes are a lot of single eyes all in one. Arthropods have jointed appendages. Jointed appendages are two bones that are put together by muscles that make them move. Arthropods have a exoskeleton. Exoskeleton is the skeleton that is on the outside. Arthropods are mobile. Arthropods have a lot of legs. Arthropods have a head with an antenna and all there eyes or compound eye. Some of the types of animals in this phyla is Arachinida, Centipedes, Chilopoda, Crustacea, Diplopoda, Insecta, Millipedes, Sea Spiders, and Horseshoe Crab.

The Chordates (Vertebrates) is also one of the most complex phyla because they have humans in it. Chordates is bilateral symmetric. Chordates have multi cells that make up the tissues. The tissues make up the body cavity. Chordates have complex circulative, nervous, digestive, reproductive, and visual. Chordates have a true coelom. Chordates have very advanced eyes. Chordates have jointed appendages. Chordates have an internal skeleton. A internal skeleton means that the skeleton is inside the body. Chordates are mobile. Chordates have head and feet. Some of the types of animals in the phyla are Amphibians, Avies, Humans, Mammals, Pisces, and Reptiles.

Kura L. Cohen Revision 1

The Animal Kingdom is very diverse. There are various phylas with different animals and several species. All phylas have different characteristics about them. Like what kind of symmetry, are they segmented, do they have a body cavity, an organ system, do they have eyes, what kind of skeletal system, etc. In my essay, I will be talking about six different animal kingdom phylas. I will be talking about Sponges, Cnidarians, Annelids, Mollusk, Arthropods, and Chordates (Vertebrates).

The Sponges is the smallest and least complex. Sponges are found under water. Sponges are asymmetric because there are many shapes. Sponges are multicellularity because they have a lot of cells. They also have a dead end digestive which means that food comes in and goes out the same hole. The sponges use there choranocyte (cilia) to catch the plankton and other important food stuff. Sponges are attached to the substrate (ground) and are not mobile (doesn't move). All the other categories are mobile. One of the animals in the phyla sponges is the Choanocytes.

The Cnidarians are also least complex but more complex than Sponges. Cnidarians are also found under water also. Cnidarians are Radial Symmetric because they are round. Cnidarians are multicellularity because they have many cells. Cnidarians have a dead end digestive system. Cnidarians are mobile and can move around. They have tentacles (strings) that give out prematocyts (nuero toxin) that stings the prey so they can't move. That is how they eat. Some of the types animals in this phyla is Jelly Fish, Sea Anemones, Nematocyst, Anthozoans, Corals, and Schyphozoans.

The Annelids are pretty complex. Annelids are land dwellers and are terrestrial (crawls). Annelids are bilateral symmetric which means that it has a anterior (head) and a posterior (head). Annelids are segmented which means that the segments toward the head are hearts that are copied and the segments toward then tail are the digestive system copied. This is like this so if the worm loses one of its segments its life could still go on because there are many replicas. Annelids are multicellular which make up tissues. These tissues make up there body cavity. In the body cavity there is a circulatory (organs) system. Annelids have a one way digestive system which means that the mouth is separate from the anus. Annelids are mobile. Annelids have setae which is external bristles. Some of the types animals in this phyla is Earthworms and Polychaetes.

The Mollusks are also pretty complex. Mollusks live under water. Mollusks are bilateral symmetric. Mollusks have a three part body plan . The three parts are the visceral mass, foot, and head. The visceral mass is the section in the center that has the body's organs. The foot is used as an anchor for the mollusk to stay in one place. Mollusks have multicellular which make up there tissues. These tissues make up there body cavity. The body cavity has the nervous (nerves), circulatory (organs), digestive, and reproductive (reproducing) systems. Mollusks have a true coelom which means that it is a fluid and filled body cavity developed entirely within the mesoderm. Mollusks have a one way digestive system. Mollusks have very simple eyes. They are the first group we looked at to have eyes. Mollusks are mobile. Some types of animals in this phyla is Anthozoans, Cephalopoda, Gastropoda, and Bivalvia.

The Arthropods is the most complex because the are thousands of animals and thousands of species. Arthropods are found all over the world. Arthropods are bilateral symmetric. Arthropods are segmented. Arthropods are multicellular. These tissues make up there body cavity. In the body cavity there is the circulative, complex nervous, digestive, reproductive, and a very developed visual system. Arthropods have a true coelom. Arthropods have a one way digestive system. Arthropods have compound eyes. Compound eyes are a lot of single eyes all in one. Arthropods have jointed appendages. Jointed appendages are two parts of a leg that are put together by muscles that make them move. Arthropods have a exoskeleton. Exoskeleton is the skeleton that is on the outside. Arthropods are mobile. Arthropods have a lot of legs. Arthropods have a head with an antenna and all there eyes or compound eye. Some of the types of animals in this phyla is Arachnida, Centipedes, Chilopoda, Crustacea, Diplopoda, Insecta, Millipedes, Sea Spiders, and Horse Shoe Crab.

The Chordates (Vertebrates) is also one of the most complex phylas because they have humans in it. Chordates is bilateral symmetric. Chordates have multi cells that make up the tissues. The tissues make up the body cavity. Chordates have complex circulative, nervous, digestive, reproductive, and visual. Chordates have a true coelom. Chordates have very advanced eyes. Chordates have jointed appendages. Chordates have an internal skeleton. A internal skeleton means that the skeleton is inside the body. Chordates are mobile. Chordates have head and feet. Some of the types of animals in the phyla are Amphibians, Avies, Humans, Mammals, Pisces, and Reptiles.

Sponges are the only animal that is asymmetric. Cnidarians are the only animal that has radial symmetry. Different from Sponges and Cnidarians, Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods, and Chordates are all bilateral symmetric. Mollusks are the only animal to have a three part body plan. Annelids and Arthropods are the only animals that is segmented. All the animals are multicellular. Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods, and Chordates all have tissues. Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods, and Chordates all have a body cavity. Mollusks, Arthropods, and Chordates all have true coelom. Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods, and Chordates all have organ systems. Sponges and Cnidarians have a dead end digestive system and Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods, and Chordates all have a one way digestive system. Mollusks have simple eyes. Unlike Mollusks, Arthropods have compound eyes. And unlike Arthropods, Chordates have advanced eyes. Arthropods and Chordates both have jointed appendages. Chordates have an internal skeleton and Arthropods have an external skeleton. All the animals are mobile except Sponges.

In the Plant Kingdom there are very diverse plants. There are various plants with many different versions of the plant. The plant colors change by the plant reproducing with another plant and different shapes or forms because the plant adapts to its environment. In my essay, I will be talking about four different plant types. The four different types of Hepatophyta (Liverworts), Sphenophyta (Horsetails), Coniferophyta (Conifers), and Gymnosperms (Angiosperms).

Hepatophyta or Liverworts are very simple. Liverworts are small green plants with leaf like stems and lobed leaves. Liverworts are lacking true roots and reproduce with spores. Liverworts are nonvascular plants. Nonvascular means that the there is no system of vessels and veins that carry sap, water, and nutrients all through the plant. Usually plants that are nonvascular are not very large because they have to be close to the ground to get there nutrients. Liverworts are dominant gametophyte. Dominant gametophyte is a the reproductive system of a plant. Gametes are both sex parts, the egg and the sperm. Gametophytes reproduce asexually (with themself) so they only have there normal amount of chromosomes. Gametophytes are not very good because if there is a change in the environment than the plant cannot adapt to change because it only has characteristics from one plant. Liverworts has a cuticle, stomata (allows movement of gasses in and out), roots, stems, and leaves. Liverworts have flat leaves.

Sphenophyta or Horsetails are also small plants. Horsetails are little seedless non vascular plants. Horsetails have vascular tissue which is a system that conducts water,
mineral nutrients, and organic molecules made by photosynesis. Horsetails have independent gametophyte and dominant sporophyte. Dominant sporophyte is plant cycle that reproduces sexually. Two different plants combine chromosomes and makes two pairs. Dominant sporophyte is very good because two genes from different individuals (plants) are combined so you have better chance to adapt to a change in the environment because the chromosomes are shuffled and you probably have a chromosome to fit the adaption. Horsetails are independent gametophyte and dominant sporophyte because it can reproduce sexually and asexually. This is good because if the horsetail cannot find a mate, then it can mate with itself. Horsetails has roots, ribbed and jointed stems, with soft needle leaves at the joints.

Coniferophyta or Conifers are large seed plants. Conifers are vascular plants with vascular tissue. Conifers are Gymnosperms. Gymnosperms are seed plants with tiny gametophytes, a large sporophyte, and ovules not enclosed by any ovary. This is good because like I said above, the conifers can reproduce sexually or asexually. Conifers are mostly evergreen trees and shrubs. Conifers have roots, stems, and needle or scale leaves. Conifers also produce cones.

Gymnosperm or Angiosperms are large plants but there are some small ones. Angiosperms evolved from Gymnosperm. Angiosperms are seed plants that reproduce flowers which make seeds within an ovary. Angiosperms are vascular plants and have vascular tissue. Angiosperms have roots, stems, and flat leaves. Angiosperms reproduce cones and seeds. Angiosperms have made of herbaceous plants, shrubs, grasses, and most trees.

Angiosperms, Horsetails, and Conifers are vascular plants. Unlike them, Liverworts are nonvascular plants. Liverworts are dominant gametophyte. Horsetails and Conifers are dominant sporophyte. Horsetails are also independent gametophyte. Conifers also have tiny gametophyte. All four of the plants have roots and stems. Liverworts and Angiosperms have flowers. Conifers and Angiosperms have seeds or fruit. Conifers also have cones. Horsetails and Conifers have needles or scales as leaves. All four types of plants have ovules inclosed by an ovary.

Stacey Davis

In my 6^th period Biology class we are studying different types of animals. Some of the animals that we are studying are Sponges, Cnidarians, Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods and Chordates (Vertebrates). The animal kingdom is very diverse. In the following paragraphs I will tell the characteristics of each animal.

The first phyla is the Sponge. The sponge is asymmetric which means it has many shapes and forms. One form of the sponge is the Choanocytes. Sponges are multicellarity because they have many cells. The sponge has a dead end digestive system . That means that the sponges mouth and anus are the same hole. Sponges cant move they are attached to the substrate which is the ground. They use choanocytes (cilia) to catch their Plankton.

The second phyla is the Cnidarians. The Cnidarians unlike the sponge is Radial Symmetric which means theirs only one shape the circle. Some forms of the Cnidarians are the neumatocytes, the Anthozoans, the Corals and the Scyphozoans. Like the sponge Cnidarians are also multi .celled. They also have a dead end digestive system. Cnidarians are mobile They can move to catch their pray. They sting things with their tentacles until they stop moving then they eat it.

The third phyla is the Annelids. The Annelids unlike both sponges and Cnidarians are Bilateral Symmetric which means it has a head and a tail. Annelids are segmented they have thin tiny lines on them. Also like Sponges and Cnidarians they are multicellarity. The many cells it has makes up the tissues. The tissues make up the body cavity. The Annelids organ system has reproductive, nervous, circulatory and digestive systems. The Annelids have simple eyes so they have regular vision. Like Cnidarians they are mobile. The Annelid has external bristles called Setae which look like hairs.

The fourth phyla is the Mollusks. The Mollusks like the Annelid is Bilateral Symmetric, it also has a head and a tail. The Mollusks has three parts to the body (the three part body plan). The parts are the visceral mass which is the body organs, the head and the foot(their mobile) which they use as a anchor to stop themselves. Mollusks just like sponges, Cnidarians and Annelids are multi celled. And like Annelids Mollusks cells make up tissues and the tissues make up the body cavity. The Mollusks true coelom is a fluid and field body cavity that develops entirely from the mesoderm. The Mollusks organ system is the same as the Annelids it has a reproduction, nervous, circulatory and digestive systems. Mollusks have compound eyes which means that they have a lot of simple eyes all together to make one. There are three types of Mollusks the Bivalvia ,the Cephalopoda and the Gastropoda.

The fifth phyla is the Arthropods. The Arthropods like Annelids and Mollusks are Bilateral Symmetric. It is also segmented like a Annelid. And like the rest it is multi celled phyla the cells make up the tissue and the tissue makes up the body cavity. Like the Mollusks the Arthropods have True coelom. Like Mollusks it has compound eyes. It also has a head and feet(their mobile). There are seven types of Arthropods the Archnida, the Bivalvia the Cephalopoda, the Crustacea, the Diplopoda, the Insecta and the Millipedes.

The sixth phyla is the Chordates(vertebrates). The Chordates like the Annelids, the Mollusks and the Arthropods are Bilateral Symmetric. It is also multi celled like all the rest of them. The cells make up the tissues and the tissues make up the body cavity. The chordates are mobile they have feet and a head: Like the Arthropods and Mollusks it has a true coelom. It has a dead end digestive system like the Sponge and the Cnidarians. The mouth and the anus, are the same hole. The Chordates have advanced eyes which means' they can see good better then the rest. They also have jointer appendages which means there bones are connected to their muscles. They have an internal skeleton lice humans. There are five types of Chordates they are the Amphibians, the Avies, the mammals, the Pisces and the reptiles.

Justin Geeter

Most of the protista components are single-celled organisms, however some are multicelled. Its cells consist of a nucleus, organelles, vacuole, cell membrane, and some of them also contain a cell wall. It uses many intricate processes to obtain food, such as pseudopodium, photosynthesis, cilia, flagella, as well as photosynthesis. It moves by means of cilia, flagella, and pseudopodium. It can reproduce by conjugation, fission, asexual, and sexual means. In the environment, it produces much the way plants do, while consuming much the way animal do. It is important to its habitat because it stabilizes the food chain, is a human food source, and produces oxygen. Some common protista are plankton, algae, and the amoeba.

Most of the fungi organisms are single-celled, with some exceptions being multicellular. This group has a nucleus, organelles, a cell membrane, as well as a cell wall present in all fungi that is absent from the previously mentioned kingdoms. It obtains food in majority from absorbs ion, partnership, and leeching from decaying organisms. Its only movement is that of the host, which it is connected to. They reproduce by spore, as well as by asexual budding. They are helpful because they produce antibiotics and also help in fermentation. Some organisms that are members of the fungi kingdom are mushrooms, molds, mildews, and yeast.

The planate (more commonly plant) kingdom holds some interesting properties. Unlike the previously mentioned kingdoms, the planate consists only of multi-celled organisms. All members of the group known as planate contain a nucleus, organelles, cell membrane, cell wall, as well as a vacuole. Their major source of food comes from the process of photosynthesis. Its only movement is in growth, where it gravitates toward the most prominent light source. It reproduces through a complex process of Propagation, which consists of grafting, budding, cutting, and layering. It is used in its envierment for a food source as well as a medicine. Angiosperms, gymnosperms, mosses, and ferns all call the planate kingdom their kingdom.

The cells of a member of the animalia kingdom consist of a nucleus, organelles, cell membrane, as well as the vacuole. They obtain food mainly from preying on another species or consuming a previously deceased organism. They have muscular movement through water, air, and soil. Its main role in the envierment is consumers. However, they also provide an important food source for other members of its kingdom. Some Animalia kingdom members are mammals, amphibians, sponges, and worms.

Jeff Huang

During this unit, the Animal Kingdom, I learned about each phylum and classes. We did many experiments to study deeper about the different phyla and also have to describe and identify the anatomy of the animals. Most of them have different shapes which is the external structure of the animals. After we dissected the animals to see their internal structure. I have recognized their similarities and differences. The Animal Kingdom is one of the major and complex group of biology.

Sponges are the lowest level and the simplest phylum of animal kingdom. Almost all sponges live in the sea. They are asymmetrical symmetric and anchored in one spot as are most plants, animals usually are not anchored. That's the reason why most people think that sponges are plant. They have a dead end digestive system in which food and waste product go out with a same place. Also, they capture food with choanocyte cilia. Sponges filter food particles from water by trapping them. The food is digested inside the cells of sponges. Sponges have no class.

Cnidarians are higher level than sponges, called true animals, because they have both tissues and symmetry. Actually all animals other than sponges are true animals. Cnidarians are radial symmetric. They have the same digestive system as dead end as sponges do. But they capture food with pneumatocytes and digest the food in their digestive cavities. They have two class. Jellyfish are free-floating and often umbrella shaped in the sea. Sea anemones are cylindrical, usual attach to a rock.

Annelids are higher level than the former. They are bilateral symmetric and segmented. Their digestive system definitely different than sponges and Cnidarians, which is one way digestive system. It means their food and waste product go with different place. Also, they have anterior, hearts, coelom, lungs, and posterior. Annelids are organized into three class. Polychaetes worms almost all live in ocean. Their segments have limbs. Earth worms live on land. Their anterior are fatter. Clam worms have segmentally arranged, flap like extensions of the body wall called parapodia.

Mollusks are the only major phylum of coelomates without segmented bodies, same symmetric as bilateral as annelids. They also are one way digestive system. The bodies of all mollusks are composed of three distinct regions. They are visceral mass, mantle and gill. Mollusks have cell and good nervous system. Obviously, annelids don't have cell. Also, their foot is close to their head. Mollusks organized into three class. Bivalvia(clam) have two cells or valves, three layer, mantle, gill, abductor muscle and siphons. Gastropods(stomach foot) live in land, ocean, and fresh water. They have only one cell. Cephalopods are tentacles and arms suckers hooks. They almost live in ocean.

Arthropods have the same symmetric and digest system as mollusks. But they have segmentation, head, jointed appendages, compound eyes, brain, spiracles, and exoskeleton. They all segment. They are the first appendages animals, too. Arthropods organized into seven class. Millipedes have two pairs about 1000 legs. Centipedes have one pairs about 100 legs. Insects are the most diverse and complex and have three body parts about 8 legs. Arachnids have 3 body parts about 8 legs. Crustaceans are thick exoskeleton animals. Horseshoe crabs have 2 pairs of antenna. Sea spiders have 3 pairs of chewing append. They are all walking animals.

Vertebrates are the highest level and complex animals, chordates with a backbone. They also have internal skeleton. Their symmetric, digestive system are same as arthropods. Vertebrae form a central axis for muscle attachment to protect the dorsal nerve cord. Vertebrates organized into five class. Amphibians lay eggs and dry out easily. They breath though skill and have scales and simple lungs, but stronger skeleton. Reptiles have developed lungs. They lay eggs and cold blood. Avies are feathers and warm body.. They have very developed lungs. Mammals have feather, hair and developed lungs. They are warm blood and internal fertilization. Fish have scales, gills and lay eggs. They are cold blooded animals.

From this unit, I learned that there are six phyla of animal kingdom. The purpose of this unit was to name the major groups of the animals and observe their feature and characteristic. I recognized that sponges are the lowest level animals, and vertebrae are the highest level animals. All six phylum of animal have differences and similarities structure. I learned a lot from this unit. I think I got a lot of benefit for my education in this lesson.

Jeremy Hui

The animal kingdom deals with all different types of species. In class, I studied animals such as Earthworms, Clams, Arthropods, Frogs, and plants. I looked at all types of classes. The first class I studied is the worm class. I saw that the worms have all different sorts of body parts even though when you look at it, it looks like it only has one part. I found out that the worm has a one-way digestive system. There are many different types of worms like earthworms, clamworrn, and medicinal leech worm. The earthworm belongs to the Oligochaeta class and the medicinal leech belongs to the hirudinea class.

Our next animal kingdom subject is the Clams. The clam belongs to the bivalvia class. When I opened up the Clam I notice that each valve of the clam consist of three layers. The three layers are outer organic layer, middle layer of calcium carbonate, and inner calcified organic layer. The two valves are connected by a hinge ligament. The clam also consist of a mantle cavity which is located between the mantle layers. The clam's leg is used for digging and anchoring itself. The clam could dig faster than humans using a shovel. On the sides of the visceral mass is a pair of gills. Each gills consists of two vascularized porors. The clam feeds on microscopic organisms brought into the mantle cavity through the incurrent siphon and into the mouth. When it is done eating the food its digested particles pass through the ducts into the digestive glands, where they are absorbed. Also their nervous system consists of 3 pairs of ganglia.

The frogs, they are found in temperate and tropical climates around the world. They live close to water. Their are many different types of frogs. Their skin glands have poison that repels predators. Its body consist of the head,trunks,forelimbs, and hindlimbs. The bones of the hindlimbs are supported by the pelvia girdle. I found out that frogs start out being a tadpole then evolve itself. The plant class, there are many types of plants. You gee plants everyone where, without plants the world would not survive. Plants have male and female parts. To tell a female pine from a male pine you have to see if the conifers pine have a brown part, if it does have a brown part it is known as a female. If you see a yellow tip on a needle then it is known to be a male part.

So from this animal kingdom lab, I learned a lot more stuff about animals than I already know. Like the clams I saw and disected, I know I won't experience eating a clam anymore. I think the most interesting type of animal is the plants. The plants are easier to study and it is very interesting. They have a lot of things common with other animals such as sponges. They don't seem to be alive but they are. Sponges and plants are anchored onto the ground. Some plants are dangerous such as the venus fly trap.

Keithrie Jennings

There are six main phylums. As the millions of years past these phylums starts to get more and more advance and complex as they adjust themselves to their environment. The first phylum is the sponge. If you look at this phylum at first, you might think it's some kind of cactus underwater. How is this poo poo green, dry and slimy at the same time, and slow looking creature actually an animal? You ask yourself. But you should never judge aphylum by it's appearance. Many, including me mistakens this phylum as a plant, but actually this phylum is a true animal. It is anchored in place and aren't moble just like a plant. This phylum's body is really scattred around like a plant and it's stems and totally lacks symmetry. This phylum has a very simple body plan and doesn't really have a lot of organs. Unlike us and many of the other phylums, sponges and cnidarians has a dead-end digestive system. This freaky system is where the mouth is the same as the anus. This means that whatever they put in their mouth, comes back out of their mouth. That's what so cool about these phylums, but thinking about it stills makes me want to throw up and I'm glad I don't have that freaky system in my body. I'm not really into the whole dirty waste in my mouth thing.

You've probably seen the next phylum before. Maybe it stun you on your butt while you were skinny dipping or maybe you probably just saw it lying on the sand dead and guts all smeared around. It's really clear, bell-shaped, really slimy, and floats. It's the cnidarians which is a big geeky word for jellyfish. Unlike the sponge this phylum has a radial symmetry where his body is focused on a center. This phylum is one of my favorite phylums too. What's so cool about it is that it poisons its food first before it eats it. It stuns it's food with it's long slimy tentacles with this neurotoxin that makes it's food brain freeze and can't move. After is all stupid and frozen, the jellyfish takes it up to his mouth and digests it. The only this bad thing about this phylum is that it's as freaky as the sponge. It also has an anus as a mouth. What is with all these freaky, dirty mouth phylums, but soon all this will stop and the next generation of phylums will start to have anuses. There is another class of cnidarian, it is called the Anthozoa. I don't know why they changed they name so much. It look's like a ordinary jellyfish except that it is backwards and stuck on a rock. It's just like the sponge, it is also anchored and can't move.

Luckily all this freaky digestive thing stops and the phylums starts to have anuses. It stays that way too. The next phylum is the annelids which is another nerdy word for worms. The annelids are the first phylum to have the bilateral symmetry where each side is of the phylum is the same with a anterior which is the head and a posterior which is the end. It's like looking in a mirror. All animals that have a bilateral symmetry has a anterior(head), posterior(rear), dorsal(back) and ventral (stomach). Annelids are also segmented. It's like the body had beencut up and divided up into parts. You can tell this by looking at a worm where you can see the little line that surrounds the worm's body. From this time on all the following generations of phylums has a bilateral symmetry. And let's not forget about the new digestive system that is hitting the phylum nation. Everyone is doing it. Say goodbye to wasteful mouths and say hello to the one-way digestive system. In this system, there is actually an anus. They eat the food and then comes out of their anus just like us. The annelids are also the first phylums to start the whole body cavity trend and no it is not a ritarded tooth problem thing. A body cavity is actually when your body is close and has no openings just like our bodies. All our organs are protected by our skin and muscles. Unlike the sponges and cnidarians, the annelids and other phylums have a body cavity. The sponges and cnidarians have a big opening the center of their body that is always open. Annelids may look really wimpy and boring, but they have an advance body plan compared to the sponges and cnidarians. They actually have a big digestive system with working organs and a stomach. They even have a nervous system. They sure beat the sponges and cnidarians when it come to the insides, but as generations form the more complex these phylums get. There are two classes of annelids. The first class is the earthworms. Earthworms would eat anything. They're detritavores. They just eat up a file of mud and whatever is in the mud they digest. That's really nasty to me. It's almost as bad as school lunch. You never know what's in it you just eat it and hope it taste good. The next class is the polychaetes. These guys are marines. They live in the ocean swimming their lives away using limbs to transport themselves and wiggle themselves from rock to rock.

The next phylum are clams which are called the mollusks. Like the annelids, clams have a bilateral symmetry and a one way digestive system. But these guys have gone complex. With organ systems for circulation, respiration, digestion, and excretion they beat all the other phylums out of the ballpark back at that time. Their body consist of three parts which are the mascular foot, the head, and the visceral mass. Like the annelids, all mollusk are true coeloms too. This is what a mollusk's body cavity is called. The coelom of the mollusk is enclosed within the mesoderm. This helps mollusk have advance organs. There are three classes of Mollusks which are the bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods. The bivalves consist of two shells that is connected with the hinge ligament. Each shell consist of three layers which are the outer organic layer, prismatic layer, and calafied organic layer. Shells is what the mollusk is known for. they're the only phlums who use shells. You're probably asking where all this shell comes from. Do these guys saw it up or something. The answer is the mantle that makes shell by secreting the calcium carbonate. Like all mollusks their is a foot that anchors the animal and digs into the sand. It's like a hand except called a foot. Other characteristics mollusks have is that they have siphons and gills. The Siphons are like the mouth and anus thing. It's like a tube just like the annelids have. There are two parts of the tube. There is the incurrent siphon where water and food enters clam and the excurrent siphon where the water and food leaves the clam. The tubes are next to each other unlike the annelids where it is a straight route, but they are both unfreaky freaky and use one-way digestive system. Each mollusk have two pairs of gills that help them breath. It lies on each side of the siphons . It also helps sort out sand from food and out the excurrent siphon. The molusks are the first phylum to use gills.

Like the annelids and mollusks, the next phylum has a bilateral symmetry and one-way digestive system. Like mollusks , these guys are have a coelom and are segmented. They are the arthropods. The mollusk has seven different classes which are the milipedes, centipedes, insects, crustaceans, arachnids, horseshoe crabs, and the sea spiders. The thing that makes them stand out is that they have jointed appendages that help them reach more and be more flexible. Another thing cool about these guys is that the have exoskeletons. It's like hard protective skin. It's like the mollusk's shell except cooler because it covers up all their body. The only bad thing is that they can't grow in it so they shed after a while. It's like if your tired of your old skin you can get another one.

The next phylum is my favorite one because I'm in it. It is the vertabrates. It's the last phylum. Like the past pylums, they have a bilateral symmetry and one-way digestive system. They also have a coelom like the mollusk. The different thing about it is that they have spinal cord. Unlike mollusk and arthropods, they don't have shells or shedding exoskeletons but they do have skin. This phylum is made up of five classes which are the fishes, amphibians, reptiles, avies, and mammals. Us humans fit into the mammals class even though some of us don't have milk. All of the classes in this phylum lay eggs except for mammals.

As generations pass these phylums start to get more complex and complex producing more organs and parts to adapt to their environment more better.

Christina Khalil

For the past couple of weeks, our Biology class has been look and observing different types of Animals. Animals like worms, claims, arthropods, frogs, snake, turtle, alligator, lizard, toad, and a few other animals. We also looked at Sponges, Cnidaria, Annelids, and Molluka.

Sponges are anchored. They have a dead-end and has a Digestive System. There Choranocycle (cilia). Of course like any other living organism they eat Plankton (food). Sponges have tissues and a asymmetrical. As for Cnidaria (jelly fish) there also dead-end. They have a radio system. A scyphozoa pulls prey up to its mouth with its tentacles. A cnidaria uses nematocyst to capture prey. Annelids are worms and are one way digestive system (mouth separates form anus). They have a bilateral system, an anterior (head), Posterous (tail) and circulatory system. They're segmented. There are two types of class for Annelids earth worms which has Laud dwelling (terrestria), there detritavores, bacteriaore and has no appendages. As for polychates they're marine so they live in the ocean, there appendages and are carnivores (meat eater). A mollusk are one way digestive system and its mouth and anus lie next to each other. There bilateral, and has body cavity. It has a 3-part body plan reproduction a visceral mass, head, and foot. The mollusk has three classes bivalvia ( bivalves) which has a three layered shell, a mantle, a visceral massgills, mouth, anus, siphons- excurrent and incurrent. A bivalvia has two adductor muscles. The Cephalopods (head-foot) which are octopus, squid. And the last class is Gastropods. Mollusk is the first with a true coelom. Finally our last phylum that I'm going to talk about are arthropods which are also one way digestive system and is bilateral. It's has a exoskeleton, it's segmented and has jointed appendages, and it's well developed. It also has a nervous system, organ system, and reproduction. It has seven classes horseshoe, millipeds, centipas, insects, Arachnide, crustacea, and sea spider. Spiders and scorpions are arthropods that inject digestive enzymes into its prey, before devouring it. Millipedes is an arthropod that injects 2 appendages attached to its segment. Arthropods has the most advanced nervous system.

Christina Khalil Revision 1

For the past couple of weeks, our Biology class has been looking and observing different types of Animals. Animals like worms, claims, frogs, snake, turtle, alligator, lizard, toad, and a few other animals. The animal kingdom is very diverse. We were looking at six different phyla's. The six specific phyla's that we've been looking at are Sponges, Cnidarians, Annelids, Mollusk, Arthropods, and Chordates (Vertebrates).

Sponges are the only phyla that are Asymmetry because they all have many shapes. Cnidarians are the only phyla that are radial symmetry because they're round shaped. The rest of the phyla's, which are Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods, and Chordates, are bilateral symmetry, which means they have an anterior, and posterior.

Mollusks, Arthropods, and Chordates are three-part body plan. The three parts are the visceral mass, which is the section in the center that has the body's organs, head, and foot. Sponges, Cnidarians and Annelids aren't three-part body plan.

Annelids and Arthropods are segmented. When those phyla's are segmented it means that segments towards the head are hearts and the segments toward the tail are the digestive system. For example if a worm losses one of its segments, they're still alive because they're a lot of replicas.

All of them are Multicellular plus protista. When a phylum is multicellular it means that it makes up tissues. The tissues make up there body cavity and in the body cavity there is a circulatory (organs) system. They are all similar when it comes to this category because there multicellular have many cells in them, and in the body cavity they all have a complex circulatory (organs), nervous (nerves), digestive, reproducing (reproducing), and a well developed visuals system.
Mollusks and Chordates are the only phylum that has a true coelom. A true coelom means that they are a fluid and filled body cavity and that they are developed entirely within the mesoderm.
Sponges, and Cnidarians are the only two phyla's that are Dead-end digestive system. A dead-end digestive system means that food comes in and goes out the same hole. The rest of the phyla's, which are Annelids, Mollusks, Arthropods, and Chordates, have one-way digestive system. A one-way digestive system means that the mouth is separated from the anus.
Most Mollusks has simple eyes, Arthropods have compound eyes, which are a lot of single eyes all in one, and chordates have very advance eyes.

Arthropods and Chordates have jointed appendages. Jointed appendages are when two parts of a leg are put together by muscles that make them move.

Chordates are the only phyla that have internal skeleton. An internal skeleton means that the skeleton is inside the animal's body, just like human beings, their skeleton is in the human's body. Arthropods have an exoskeleton. An exoskeleton is the opposite of internal skeleton, so an exoskeleton is one its skeleton is on the outside of the body.

All of the phyla's are moble except for sponges. Moble means movement within the animal or phyla. Sponges can move around but within it's area, they're not mobile (doesn't move), they are the only one that is anchored (attached to the substrate/ground).

Annelids are the only phyla that are setae. A setae is an external bristles.

Sponges are the only phyla that are coenocytes. A coenocytes (cilia) is to catch the plankton and other imported food.

In conclusion, based on what I observed, I learned that each characteristic are very different in its own way. They all have similarities, and one big similarity they all have is that they all fall in to the same category, which is the Animal Kingdom. I noticed that some of the information I learned related to humans. One of the animals that are in the Sponges phyla is the choanoytes. Some types of animals that are in the Cnidarians phyla are jellyfish, sea anemones, nematocyst, entozoan, corals, and scyphozoans. Some animals in the Annelids phyla are earthworms and polychaetes. Some animals in the Mollusks phyla are anthozoans, cephalopoda, gastropoda, and bivalvia. Some types of animals that are in the Arthropods phyla are arachnida, centipedes, chilopoda, crustacea, diplopoda, insecta, millipedes, sea spiders, and horseshoe crab. Some types of animals that are in the Chordate phyla are amphibians, avies, humans, mammals, Pisces, and reptiles.

May Dan Kuang

There are '" phyla that live in the whole world. Some are very common and we heard a 'lot about while some we didn't even have a chance to see it. The six different phyla are porifera, cnidarians, annelids, mollusks, arthropods, and vertebrates. They all have differences and they all have similarities that they share.

Porifera, which refers to a lot of pores, are sponges. Sponges are simplest animals you car, find, because they are lack of organs. They are more like plants in a way because they are anchor to the sea floor, but they don't photosynthesis like all the plants do. Because they don's have urn, they have to use cilia, eau choanocytes, which attracts the water arid filter with the holes on its body. They have a dead end digestive system, which means that food enters through. the mouth, wastes leaves by the mouth. They have an asymmetry body, which means it has no central point or axis on its' body. They also have no body cavity.

Cnidarians are jelly fishes, sea anemones, hydra, etc. They have habitats that are mostly in the water or close to the water. Example like the jelyfish, they float on water and the sea anemones which look like a upside down jellyfish sticks to rocks by the side. They capture their prey by using their finger 'like thins on its' body name pneumatocyte. When they catch a prey, they will inject some neuro toxin into their body acid mess nip their cells and stun them. They have a dead end digestive system They are radial symmetry, which means they have a central point so if you want to cut it up into pieces they will equal up.

Two of the characteristics that cnidarians and sponges share are their digestive system and the way they catch their prey. Both cnidarians and sponges have a dead end digestive system. The cnidarians uses neumatocyte while the sponges use their cilia. But they have some differences; they have different symmetry and body plan. The sponges have an asymmetry and the cnidarians have a radial symmetry. The sponges are very simple; the cnidarians has a better body plan than they do.

The annelids are earthworms and polychaetes. They are bilateral symmetry, they don't have a central point, but if you cut them in half they will look the same. They have a one-way digestive system when means that they enter through the mouth and it leaves on its alias. They have a better nervous system than the cnidarians and the sponges. They have segmented body, arid because of their segment they actually ha'v'e a heart arid eventually more than t heart because they have more than 10 segments on their body. T hey have a more complex body plan and they have body cavity.

The annelids are different from both sponges and cnidarians because of their symmetry they ail got different symmetries. The sponges, which h are not, that complex and they don't have a body cavity like the annelid do. They got different digestive system. They are more similar on their tropic level, the Polychaeta, which is one of the classes of the annelid, is a carnivore, like they jellyfish they are also carnivores.

The Mollusks group includes clam, snail, octopus, etc. They have a one-way digestive system. They have a bilateral symmetry. They have three body parts; they are the foot, visceral mass and head. They have a good circulatory and nervous system. They also have body cavity.

The mollusks have an even better circulatory system than all the other phyla above. Mollusk is more like the annelids because they have the same symmetry. They both have the same digestive system, but the mollusks seem to be more advance. They have siphons that can separate Afferent food, that can help them not eat the food that is not edible to them and they don't have to go through all the intestines to get out. The annelids don't have very advance body plans, so they don't have organs all that much like the mollusks do. The mollusks mainly live on the ma-1-11.1e and the polychaete lives on the marine also.

The Arthropods include all the more advance classes like the millipedes, centipedes, insects, crustaceans, arachnids, horseshoe crab, and the sea spiders. To me they fairly advance and complicate. They have bilateral symmetry. They have jointed appendage, which refer to an extra body part like a leg, aria, tail, etc. They also have exoskeleton that limits their size for growth. h. They also have a one-way digestive system. They also have segmented body

The millipedes and centipedes are more like the annelids, because they look more like the polychaete. They also have a one-way digestive System like a lot of the of her J phyla. They also have segmented body like the annelids. Unlike the annelids, they have only one heart. Their exoskeleton 38 'very unique other phylum doesn't have it.

Last but not least, the vertebrates. T hey are the amphibian, reptile, fish, avies, and mammals. They have this name because all animals under t here have spinal cord. They have the most advance body plan. T he ha'v'e internal skeleton. They are bilateral symmetry and one-way digestive system. Some of the classes are eventually warm blooded.

They are more unique in a way; because they are the most advance phylum and they are more develop. They have a lot of differences than the others. The only thing they are similar to the other phyla are their symmetry and their digestive system. Unlike the arthropods, they have skeleton "inside of them. They are also unique of their backbone and warm--blooded.

They all share some differences and similarities. The sponges is not compare to most of the classes, because 'they don't look that much of art an animal arid don't have much characteristic to compare to others. The animal kinom is more about similarities in their looks, habits, and their body plan.

Rowena Kumar

A phylum is a group of organisms that have similar characteristics. There are many different groups of phylums. The phylums consist of sponges, cnidarean (jellyfish), annelids(worms), mollusks (clams), anthropods, and vertebrate Through out this essay you will learn about a couple of phylums and what is consists of.

The first phylum that I am going to write about are sponges. When I say sponges I don't mean the sponges that you use to wash dishes but an actual living animal Sponges form is asymmetrical. It has an dead end digestive system; which means it come in one way and exits through that same place. Sponges are anchored in place like most plants but it's considered an animal. Sponges filters food particles from water by trapping them in their choanocytes (little cilia; it's hair like). Sponges look some what like a tube.

The next phylum that fm going to write about is cnidarean or jellyfish Jellyfish is the common name for this phylum. The jellyfish has a radial symmetry. they also have a dead-end digestive system . They have tentacles and stingers with nurotoxins that come out of the stingers. They used the stingers to protect there. The phylum consists of both jellyfish and. anthozoan or sea anemone. The jellyfish float, are bell shaped, and they are clear. The sea anemone is an upside-down jellyfish„ it's not clear, and it attaches itself to rocks and other things.

Annelids or worms are another type of phylum. They have a bilateral symmetry. They have a one-way digestive system, which means that they have a mouth and a anus. They have a some what complex body system. It's segmented, has a head, posterior, and a body cavity. The annelids consist of earthworms and polchaetes. The earth worm is a detritavore and has no limbs. The polychaetes are marine animals, they have limbs, and are carnivores.

Mollusks or clams are the next phylum Clams have a bilateral symmetry. They also have a one-way digestive system. They have a body plan a foot that helps them anchor to the ground, visceral mass, a head, and a coelom. The class is call bivalves. It has two shells, three layers, a mantle, abductor muscles, siphon, gills, and hinged ligament They are plankton eaters.

Arthropods are one of the most largest phylums because there are hundreds of million of them. All Arthropods have a head, jointed appendages, they are segmented, have an exoskeleton, compound eyes, spiracles, and circulatory system. There is also a couple of exception, some arthropods have wigs and a malpighain tubules. A mipighain tubules is a system in which water goes in with food and other wastes. Then when it is realeases the water and waste is filtered out and the food is left. There are seven classes of arthropods. Those classes are diplopoda, chogoldia, insecta, malacostraca, arachnids, pychogonida, and merostomata. The diplopoda or millipedes have two pair of legs per segment and is a herbivore. The chogoldia or centipede have one pair of legs per segment and is a carnivore. The insecta class or insects have a head, thorax, abdomen and six legs on the thorax Malacostraca or crustaceans have two pairs a legs, thorax a head, and abdomen. Arachnids have eight legs, an abdomen, and they are carnivores. Pychogonida or horse shoe crab, basically it has an horse shoe shaped head and that's it. And last but not least the merostomata or sea spider.

Vertebrae's are the last yet most important phylum. The vertebraes have a bilateral symmetry. It has a coelom, a vertebrae, and a spinal cord. The classes consist of fish, amphibians, reptiles, avies or birds, and mammals. The fish are marine animals. They have two pairs a limbs. They have dorsal and ventral fins, gills and produce eggs. They can only survive in water. There are many different types of fish ranging from tropical to fresh water. Amphibians such as frogs, toads, and salamanders have two pairs of limbs thick skin and they are cold blooded. Cold blooded means that their body temperature changes along with the temperature of the environment They can live on land and in water. Reptiles have scales, they are cold blooded and they lay eggs. Reptiles can also go weeks or months without eating. Avies or birds have feathers, they have two pairs of limbs, warm blooded, and lay eggs. Last, we have mammals, the best class of them all They have fur, they are warm blooded, they have milk, and they have internal fertilization.

These are some of the many phylums. If I was to pick which out of these six were my favorite I would pick the vertebraes. Why I would pick that? It's because I'm an vertebrae. I hope that you learn a lot from my paper and that you get something from it.

Rowena Kumar - Rewrite

A phylum is a group of organisms that have similar characteristics. There are many different groups of phyla The phyla consist of sponges, Cnidaria (Jellyfish), annelids (worms), mollusks (clams), arthropods, and vertebrates. Through out this essay you will learn about these phyla. You will also have an idea of how they are different.

One thing that makes them different is their symmetry. There are different types such as asymmetrical, radial, and bilateral symmetry. The sponges are the only phylum that is asymmetrical. The Cnidaria or jellyfish is the only phylum with radial symmetry. Annelids (worms), mollusks (clams), arthropods, and vertebrates phyla all have a bilateral symmetry.

Another characteristic that makes each phylum different from each other is their digestive system. Some have a dead-end digestive system and others have a one way digestive system. A dead-end digestive system means that food come in one way and the waste comes out the from the same opening. A one way digestive system is when you food goes in one opening and comes out another, in other words it has a mouth and a anus. Sponges and Cnidaria or jellyfish are the only phylum that has a dead-end digestive system. Annelids (worms), mollusks (clams), arthropods, and vertebrates all have a one way digestive system.

The most distinguishing feature is what classes are in that phylum. In the sponge phylum there is only sponges. In the Cnidaria class there are jellyfish and Anthozoa or sea anemone. In the phylum annelids or worms there are earthworms and Polychaetes. In the mollusk or clam phylum it only consists of one class bivalves. The phylum with the most classes are the arthropods. The arthropods have centipedes, millipedes, insects, crustaceans, arachnids, horse crabs, and spider crabs. In the last phylum vertebrates there are five classes; the fish, amphibian, reptiles, Avies or birds, and mammals.

In all the phyla there is one specific trait that only one has and that all the others don't. For example the sponge are asymmetrical. The Cnidaria or jellyfish has radial symmetry. The annelids or worms has 150 segmented parts. The mollusks or clams have a foot (that helps keep them anchored to the ground) and a visceral mass. Arthropods are probably the phylum that is the most unlike the rest. One of the characteristics that the arthropods has is an exoskeleton and that it has the hundred of millions of species that fall into the arthropod phylum. Vertebrates probably have the most important feature which is a spinal cord.

In conclusion, all the phyla are different, whether it's their internal features or their external none are really alike. Yet you can also see some things that they do have in common. In the second paragraph about symmetry you can see that four out of the six phyla have bilateral symmetry. Many things are different and. many things are alike. Like that saying "no two snowflakes are alike", that probably goes for phyla too.

Jenny Lam

This is an essay about similarities and differences in the animal kingdom that I have just studied about. During this session, I can tell you something that I have learned about animals. Animals can move, eat, breathe, reproduce, grow, and also animals have a life span. Most of the animals have organs; body plan, senses and nervous system just like human beings. There are also more that I can say about animals, but these are the basic stuff that I am going to mention on my essay, so too bad!

Phylum have different symmetries. There are three different symmetries. There are asymmetry, radial symmetry, and bilateral symmetry. Asymmetry means that it is not symmetrical. Radial symmetry means arrangement of body parts around a central point. Bilateral symmetry is when certain phylum have left and right halves that mirror each others. A good example would be a butterfly. Most phylum have bilateral symmetry. Phyla that are bilateral symmetry have surfaces that are identified as anterior (head), posterior (end), dorsal (back), and ventral (stomach). There is phylum that digest differently. There are two digestive tract, dead end digestive tract and one way digestive tract.

Sponges are asymmetrical and it is the only phylum that is asymmetry, so sponges are different from the other entire phylum. Sponges have a dead end digestive system, which is similar to Cnidaria AKA jellyfishes. Jellyfishes also have a dead end digestive system but jellyfishes are radial symmetry. Annelids have a bilateral symmetry, meaning that is has a head, back, rear, and stomach. Annelids have a one way digestive system. Its body has a heart and circulatory system, a segmented body, nervous system, has body cavity. Arthropods have some similarities with annelids. Arthropods also have segmented body, same bilateral system, its digestive system is one way, and has a heart. It also has a nervous system, but it is more advanced than annelids. There is something arthropods have which the annelids don't have; arthropods have jointed appendages and exoskeleton.

Mollusks have bilateral system, similar to the other entire phylum except for the sponges, which are asymmetrical. Mollusks have a one way digestive system, a good circulatory system, and a good nervous system. It has three body parts, and they are foot, visceral mass and head. As I said before, mollusks are similar to all the other phylum except for sponges, but the differences between them is that mollusk have three body parts.

Vertebrates will be the last phylum that I will be typing about because it is the last phylum. Vertebrates are bilateral symmetry and have a one way digestive system like the other entire phylum except for the sponges. Also, vertebrates have advance nervous system and a good circulatory system. The only differences are vertebrates have spinal cords and internal skeletons.

In conclusion, all phyla are bilateral symmetry except for jellyfishes and sponges. Most of the phylum has either advanced systems or good systems. Some have different body plans than others. These are the similarities and differences between each phylum.

Jacky Lao

In this report, there have many kinds of Phylum creatures, and find out their shape and body parts by dissection. They are Sponges, Annelids, Mollusk, Arthropods and Vertebrae.

Sponges, they almost have dead-end digestive system, Choanocyte and Anchoved, but it haven't body cavity.The animal of the sponges is Anthozan.The creatures that similar the sponges is called Cnidarian.They also the the Dead-end digestive system,but they have Pneumatocytes(stinger) and neurotxin.

Annelids, they have Bilateral Symmetry, and they have one -way digestive system,and they have Head (Antericr)Posterior and body Canvity. Their class creatures are Earthworms and Polychaetes. Mollusk, they also have Bilateral Symmetry and one-way digestive system, but their body was divided by 3 body plans, this three parts are foots,Visceral massand head. Bivalvia, Gastropods and Cephalopods are the creatures of the Mollusk.

Arthropods, like the Annelids and Mollusk, they have Bilateral Symmetry and One-way Digestive system and Coelom, but their body plan is segmented and jointed Appendages head and Exoskeleton. Arthropods have seven kind of creatures, Millipedses, Centipedes, Insect, Cirustanceuns, Arachnids, Horsehoe Crabs and Sea Spiders. Vertebare, a creatures who have Bilateral Symmetry one-way digestive systems and Coelom,it just like the Arthropods, but they have the Spinalcord. The five class creatures of Vertebrae are Fish, Amphobian, Reptiles, Avies(Birds) and Mammals.

Although they are different phylum, they also have similiar thing, e.g. Jellyfish and Anthozan(Sponges and Cnidarian).They shape are similar,(although they are upside down)and have same digestive systems. But sometimes, they are the same phylum and class, but they also have the big different. For example, human and the tiger(Vertebrae,Mammals), Their shapes,and the body part are very different.

At last, I think that this Lab report are so interesting but hard, when i try to figure out which one is the ture Phylum and Class. And i know the interesting in this lab, the creatures was like near the human, it will be more smart, otherwise, they will easy to died.

Li, Johnny

Arthropods and Vertebrates are very much different than alike. Arthropods have many characteristics that vertebrates don't have. Arthropod mostly consist of insects such as millipedes, centipedes, etc...

Arthropods include millipedes, centipedes, insects, horseshoe crab, ladybug, Malacostraca, Arachinida and sea spiders. Millipedes in Latin means thousand legs, they also has two pairs of legs. Centipedes and millipedes are similar in ways. Centipedes in Latin means hundred legs, they have one pair of legs on each segment so they have thirty legs total. Malacostraca includes shrimps, and pill bug. Arachinida includes scorpions, mites, and spiders. These Arthropods all have one thing in common. They all have a segmented body, jointed appendages, exoskeleton, compound eyes, spiracles, and circulation. These arthropods have three parts; the three-body parts are head, thorax, and abdomen. Arthropods are most likely to be carnivores because of their food web and food variety of their habitat.

Vertebrates are animals with vertebrates. They have one of the most advanced nervous in the animal kingdom. Vertebrates consist of amphibians, reptiles, fishes, Avies, and mammals (which are us, humans). Amphibian are aquatic animals, they are cold blooded and lay eggs. Amphibians also have two pairs of limbs. Reptiles are also cold blooded and have two pairs of limbs. Reptiles have scales like a fish but doesn't consider as a fish. Fishes have scales and aquatic. They also have two limbs and lay eggs. Avies are bird, they have feathers and warm-blooded. Similar to most animals, they have two pairs of limbs also. Mammals are one of the most evolved animal, they have fur or give milk. Mammals are also warm blooded. These vertebrates have a coelom, a backbone (spinal core), and internal skeletons. Most of them have two limbs.

Arthropods and vertebrates both have a bilateral symmetry. They also have a one-way digestive system, which means they eat in one end and come out the anus. Arthropods and vertebrates have their differences. Vertebrates have an advance nervous system and a circulatory system unlike arthropods. Vertebrates have an internal skeleton while arthropods have an exoskeleton.

Jing Liang

In the animal kingdom there are a lot of phyla. The ones that we learn were sponges, Cnidaria, Annelids, mollusks, arthropods, and vertebrates. Cnidarians were the jellyfish, Annelida were the worms, mollusks were the animals that have shells like clams and snails, arthropods are the bugs, and vertebrates are the amphibians, reptiles, Avies, mammals, and fish.

Sponges have a dead-end digestive system like the Cnidarians. It has a asymmetrical symmetry meaning left and right of the body is not the same. It is also anchored in one spot. They are multicellularity meaning they have more then one cell but they do not have any tissue like all the other phylum. They are the only one that is choanocytes.

Cnidaria has a radial symmetry meaning that if a cut it in half from any angle that cuts through the middle, it will be the same. They have a dead-end digestive system like the sponges. They also have neumatocytes which they use to sting their prey. Some of the class in this phylum are jellyfish and sea anemones.

Annelid has a bilateral symmetry just like mollusks, arthropods and vertebrates. Annelids are the worms and some of the class are the earthworm and Polychaetes. Polychaetes are the marine worms. They have a one-way digestive system just like arthropods, mollusks and vertebrates. They are segmented and have body cavity.

Mollusks have a bilateral symmetry and a one way digestive system. They also have coelom made from mesentery. They got a good nervous system. Some of the class are bivalves, gastropods, and cephalopods. Bivalves are the ones with 2 shells like clams and oyster. Gastropods are the ones with 1 shell like snails. Cephalopods has head and foot.

Arthropods are the bugs. They have bilateral symmetry and a one-way digestive system. They have jointed appendages like the vertebrates. They also have a exoskeleton meaning there skeleton is on the outside. Some of the class in arthropods are millipedes, centipedes, insects, arachnids, crustaceans, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders.

Vertebrates are the animals that have a back bone. They are bilateral symmetry and has a one-way digestive system. They have coelom just like mollusks. They have a internal skeleton meaning that they have a inside skeleton. The classes are amphibians, reptiles, Avies, mammals, and fish. Amphibians are slimy animals they dry out easily. They breath through their skins and they lay eggs. Reptiles has thick skin call scales. They lay eggs. Avies are birds. They have feathers and lay eggs. They are warm blooded. Mammals has fur or hair and are warm blooded. They are internal fertilization and have milk. Fish have scales and lay eggs. They have gills.

These are the many things about the animal kingdom and there are similar in some of the phylum and there are soiree difference. The most advance phylum are the vertebrates and the most simple are the sponges.

Dennis Lim

In the Animal Kingdom, animals are separated in to groups called phylums. Each phylums has it's own characteristics and there own body behaviors. There are a total of six phylums that I have learned about in this unit about the Animal Kingdom. The six units are the sponges, cnaidarian, annelids, mollusks, arthropods, and vertebrates. Each one of the phylums has it's own class in it except for the sponges.

The sponge's body structure is asymmetrical. They have a dead-end digestive system. They eat and digest the same way. Sponges are anchored to the land meaning they cannot move to another place even if it is it get food. Sponges get food by using a celia called a choanocyte to get their food.

The cnidarian's body structure is radial symmetry. It has a dead-end digestive system. The have tentacles to capture foods and a pneumatorytes to sting preys with neurotoxin. The cnidarian has two classes; the jellyfish and the anthozoan. The jellyfish floats, are bell-shaped, and is clear. The arthozoan is upside down jellyfish, not clear, and is attached.

The annelid's body structure is bilateral symmetry. They have a one-way digestive system. They have a anterior, posterior, body cavity and a digestive system. The two classes of this phylum are earthworms and polychaetes. The earthworms are detritavores. They also have no limbs and lives on land. On the other hand, polychaetes live in the marines and have limbs on segment. Polychaetes are carivores unlike the earthworms.

Like the annelids, the mollusk also has a bilateral symmetry body structure and a one-way digestive system. The mollusk phylum has a body plan foot, visceral mass, a head, and a coelum made from mesoderm. The mollusk has three separate classes; the bivalves, gastoropods, and the cephalopods. The bivalves have a three-layered shell, siphon, gills, and mantles. They also have an abductor muscle, and hinge lingments. The bivalves are planktavores. The gastropods also have a shell. They live possibly anywhere in the world. Like the bivavles, the gastropods also have gills. The cephalopods have mantle, gills, arms, and tentacles. Unlike the others, the cephalopods have suckers or hooks.

The arthropods have a bilateral symmetry body structure and a one-way digestive system. Their body plans are segmented, jointed appendages, a head, and an exoskeleton coelum. The arthropods have seven different classes. The classes are millipedes, centipededs, insects, crustaceans, arachinids, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. The millipedes have two pairs of legs per segments. They are herbivores. The centipedes are both herbivores and carnivores. They have sex legs on thorax and a head. The insects have a thorax and one pair of abdomen. The arachnids have eight legs, a head, and an abdomen. They are carivores, The horseshoe crab's head is shaped like a horseshoe.

The last phylum we learned about is the vertebrates. They also have a bilateral symmetry body structure. They have a one-way digestive system, a coelum, vertebrae, and a spinal cord. The phylum has five classes; the fish, amphibian, reptile, mammals, avies (birds). The fish lives in a marina with fresh water: Most of them have two limbs. The amphibians have eggs dorsal, ventral fins and gills. The reptiles have two pairs of limbs, thin skin, and eggs. The mammals have scales and eggs. Mammals are warm-blooded, has eggs, furs, and milk. Mammals have an internal fertilization. Mammals are also warm-blooded. The avies have feathers and has two pairs of limbs. Avies are coldblooded.

Throughout this unit of the Animal Kingdom, I have come to the verdict that their body structure and the way it works separate animals to what phylum they belong to; not by their size. I also learn that even though some animals are in the same phylum, they are in another different class. I also learn that even though they are in different phylum and class, they also share similarities.

Diana Merino

There are a lot of types invi-art Cnidarians, Annelids, Mollusks, arthropods and Vertebrates. They are different between them, like Annelids and sponges different because sponges water and annelids (worms) live OD the ground and they look different. Some of them are similar they live in the same places and their like sponges and water and some vertebrates like fishes. Some of them looks like there the same to even though their not.

Sponges live on the ocean they look like little tubes. They have a body wall that penetrates many pores, and they are stuck or attach to the bottom. of the sea other Other submerged on the surface, like on a rock. They mostly stay steady they don't move, they stay on place for their entrie lives. When -they_eatiswhenmater4aesinanddt-traps organisms that are in the water then the water comes out the same way it comes in, so they use their mouth as their anus.

Cnidarians which are jelly fish. Most have tentacles, they live on the sea and their are a lot of them that lok different even though though they are the same orgadism They are kind of clear and they have like purple or light blue mix. Jelly fish are predators they sting their prey with their tentacles. Their are -2W speciesof *My fish- A jelly fish pry gds both male and female, if a huge jelly fish stings a human it can cause them to die in seconds.

The Annelids, which are worms, they are familiar to all earthworms. some annelids live on fresh w7ater-.They 2,000 species of annelids. that have have been known. They eat and trough it back out by their mouth which is their anus to. Polychaetas are marines they live on the ocean. Some swim and they are predators they use their jaws to feed on other small animals. Annelids as polychaetas are same species.

Mollusks andlot in common -even though they donl. Some of the mollusks are marines, and they live on fresh water. They have 3 body plan foot, visceral-.mass.andzoelom. Their are different mollusks different kinds of names like snails, .oysters, octopuses and others. The bivalves have 2 shells (valves) which are layered by Fthe There are 1,000 species of bivalvia gastropods is the-class of snails and slugs, they only have one single shell, they live everywhere they also have gills and lungs. There are SO,-OW species of the class class gastropods. The cephalopods octopuses,'. squids, cuttlefishes, and nautiluses. Their are 600 species of the class cephalopoda. They-havzamantle,gills,_arms,_and tentacles.

The arthropods are animals like insects like spiders and beattles. Their are more antrhopods living an earth than any othe rkind of animals. Arthropods is the class of insect which are insects and they eat plants. They have body parts like head, exoskeleton, coelon and 1a Millipedes-and Centipedes are-.nthropods that have a lot of legs, most-of them have.hard skin. They had also evolved from annelids so they have some kind of relation.

Vertebrates are animals like fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Vertebrates have a back bone the .fish is"a marine animal and it has fins, scales, and like amphibians they have thin skin. So that is why some of them must reproduce in water or be moist. The amphibians are animals like snake those don't need to be nn water they are warm blooded. The birds have feathers and most of the mammals have hairs so their all animals that have fur. and they are cold blooded.

A lot of this classes have things in common and some don't. Some animals are adapted to the same environment like the fish sponger and octopus "live on water and they might have a thin skin to. Some of the animals have a different adaptations than others, for example the spiders soave of them live on on the .desert where-is dry Others.-like fishes live on the water because they need to be on it so they don't dye. by doing this essay I learned more beause I read a lot of the information that was -on-the book and I -saw plenty of more different stuff that they have.

Cherry Ann Mendoza

Throughout the "Animal Kingdom" labs and assignments that we've been through, I've noticed the differences and similarities between the major groups of animals. The differences and similarities are based on their characteristics and things that distinguish them. In this essay, I will be comparing and contrasting Sponges, Cnidaria, Annelids, Molluska, Arthropods, and Vertebrates the best I can.

Sponges are anchored all their lives. In that case, they just have to wait until food (plankton) come to them. They have dead-end digestive systems. When it comes to its form, they are considered asymmetrical. Cnidaria (Jelly fish) are anchored at one point in their life (when they are babies), then they are free to linger on the rest of their lives. They have dead-end digestive systems too. When it comes to its form, they are radial symmetrical (round.) It uses its tentacles to get food by strangling fishes with them. Sea anemones (upside down jelly fish that are stuck onto rocks) on the other hand, are anchored but they too have tentacles. Annelids have an anterior and posterior. They have one-way digestive systems (mouth separated from anus.) When it comes to its form, they are considered as bilateral symmetrical. Earthworms are land dwellers, while Polychaetes are marine; earthworms are detritivores and bacteriavore, while Polychaetes are carnivores; and earthworms does not have appendages while Polychaetes does. Molluska have one-way digestive systems. They have three part body plans: visceral mass, head, and foot. When it comes to its form, they are bilateral symmetrical. They have a body cavity and a true coelom. Part of the Molluska group are Bivalvia (clams), Cephalopods (octopus and squids), and Gastropods (snails.) Arthropods also have one-way digestive systems. They are bilateral, and they have a exoskeleton. They are segmented just like annelids. They have jointed appendages. Arthropods have seven classes. Vertebrates have one-way digestive systems. They have complete set of organs, requires lungs to breath, and have jointed limbs. They too are bilateral.

All in conclusion, based on my observations, I realized that most of them were bilateral. Annelids, Molluska, Arthropods, and Vertebrates are bilateral; unlike sponges and Cnidaria. Some are terrestrial while some are marine. Their characteristics may differ or be the same in different ways, but at the end they all belong to the animal kingdom.

Ashley Mooring

There are many different creatures in this world. One creature that lives under the water is called Phylum (Sponges). They are anchored to the ground. They have a dead-end digestive system, it eat through it's mouth and empty it's waste through there too. They eat plankton, they move their bodies with the waves of the water, they catch the little particles in the water. Another one that lives in the water is called Cnidaria (Jellyfish). They have a dead-end digestive system also. They eat small fish that come near them. They sting them with their tentacles. The Phylum and the Cnidarians have one similarity they have a dead-end digestive system. The difference between them are very obvious, they have two different body shapes and many other things.

Another creature is called an Annelids (Worms). They live on the land. They have a one way digestive system, it's head is separated from it's bottom. It is bilateral symmetry, they live under the dirt. They eat little particles of things they can find . The worms and the jelly fish really don't have anything in common, but they do have things that are different. Like there digestive systems. The Mollusk (Calm) is another creature that lives in the water. It has a one way digestive system, it is bilateral. It has a foot to bury itself under the sand. It eats by separating the sand from the food. What the Mollusk has in common with the Annelids are that they both have a one way digestive system and they both are bilateral symmetry. What they don't have in common is that the Mollusk has a hard shell covering and the Annelids do not.

Another creature is Arthropods, They are also known as insects. They eat their food by catching it. Some use they fangs, webs, stinger and many other things. They have a one way digestive, system and are bilateral symmetry. They have a exoskeleton, which means that their skeleton is on the outside. They have jointed appendages and they are segmented. Some of them have compound eyes. They have a Nervous, Reproductive, and Circulatory system. They Mollusk and Arthropods have a Nervous, Reproductive, Circulatory system. They both have a one way digestive system. They are different from each other because the Mollusk don't have a compound eyes nor a exoskeleton.

Another one is Chordates (Vertebrates). They live on land and eat by catching their food. They have a one way digestive system and bilateral symmetry. They have an Nervous, reproductive, Circulatory system. They Tissues and Muscles in the inside of their body. They have a internal skeleton which means that their skeleton i